Ornamental Separator

The Restoration of the Capitol

In the early twentieth century, a solitary stone marker was the only sign that Virginia’s colonial Capitol buildings had once stood on those grounds. Colonial Williamsburg acquired this land at the end of Duke of Gloucester Street in 1928.

Postcard, “Site of the Old Capitol, Williamsburg, Va.” created by Williamsburg Drug Company, published by Albertype Company, 1920s. Courtesy of Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library. All images on this page are courtesy of Special Collections and Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.

The Foundation chose to reconstruct the first Capitol, which stood there from 1705 until 1747, because its architecture was more well-documented. Construction began in October 1931.

Progress photo of reconstruction of Capitol looking towards east and north wall of northwest wing, Frank Nivison, November 18, 1931. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Progress photo looking southeast at reconstruction of Capitol with foundations in place and framing of windows partially completed, Frank Nivison, January 15, 1932. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Progress photo of reconstruction of Capitol showing framing for doors and windows on first floor of south end of west elevation, Frank Nivison, February 1, 1932. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Progress photo of west elevation of Capitol surrounded in scaffolding with dormers, roof, and cupola under reconstruction, Frank Nivison, August 12, 1932. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Progress photo of reconstruction of Capitol showing south elevation surrounded in scaffolding, Frank Nivison, December 1, 1932. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Progress photo of reconstruction of interior of House of Burgesses looking towards platform for Speaker’s Chair, Capitol, Frank Nivison, February 1, 1933. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Progress photo of carpenters installing the paneling and benches in the House of Burgess at the Capitol, Frank Nivison, March 1, 1933. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Restoration progress photo looking up towards the cupola from the third floor in the Capitol, Frank Nivison, November 15, 1932. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Reconstruction progress photo of northeast elevation of Capitol covered in scaffolding with work proceeding on installation of shingles, November 15, 1932. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.

The restored Capitol was completed in early 1934.

Progress photo of brick masons building the wall on the north side of the Capitol, Frank Nivison, 1933. Visual Resources, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
View of the south wall of the General Court in the Capitol. Robert W. Tebbs Photograph Collection, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.
Detail view of the judge's bench and the bar in the General Court at the Capitol soon after its completion. Robert W. Tebbs Photograph Collection, Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.

On February 24, 1934, the day after the building opened to the public, the Virginia Assembly held a special session in the House of Burgesses chamber. On that occasion, John D. Rockefeller Jr., who funded the restoration, told the legislators:

Ever will the thought of this reconstructed Capitol move us profoundly, for here as Councilor or Burgess sat nearly every great Virginian of the 18th century; here were spoken words that will never die; here plans were laid and actions taken of untold moment in the building of this nation. What a temptation to sit in silence and let the past speak to us of those great patriots whose voices once resounded in these halls and whose far-seeing wisdom, high courage and unselfish devotion to the common good will ever be an inspiration to noble living. To their memory the rebirth of this building is forever dedicated.1

John D. Rockefeller Jr. addressing the Joint Session of the Virginia General Assembly held in the House of Burgesses at Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia. His son, John D. Rockefeller III, is seated to the right in the background. Special Collections, John D. Rockefeller Jr. Library.

Learn More

Historic Site: Capitol

When the Capitol Burned

Sources

  1. Quoted in Howard Dearstyne, “Capitol Architectural Report, Block 8 Building 11,” (1954) Colonial Williamsburg Digital Library.